Kraft-Ebbling

· First modern researcher on sexuality

· Sexuality is a disease

· Model of sadism and masochism- women are submissive

· Started conversation on importance of fantasy and behavior

· TREATED homosexuality- instead of punishing

· Aware of female sexuality and exploitation of women

· Introduced study of fetishism

Havlock Ellis

· MD in Victorian England

· Wrote Psychology of Sex in 1896

Freud

· Developed id (innate wants and desires), ego (surface of personality- what we show, how we act), superego (conscience, right and wrong…deep)

· Said sex drive was important as the drive, say, for eating

· DRIVE creates appetite and need; sociologists say that culture creates drive

· Libido, erogenous zones

· Theories of childhood sexuality (first year – oral, second year – anal, third to fifth year – phallic, sixth – latency, repression)

· Brought up castration fears, Oedipus complex, Electra complex

· Had some theories on female sexuality…like what do women want anyways? He also believed in mature vs. immature orgasms

Kinsey

· Father of modern empirical research on human sexuality

· Taxonomist and biologist…first worked on the gall wasp

· Created the Kinsey scale – coded on outlets to orgasm, it was a scale from 0à6 in which 0 was completely heterosexual, 6 was completely homosexual; it was based on fantasy, behavior, who you love, and intensity of attraction and desire

· Findings on female sexuality: females more sexual than believed, half not virgins when married, multiple orgasms are possible

· Findings on homosexuality: 37% of men came with another man, 4% gay their whole life

· Criticisms: oversampled students, educated, prisoners, protestants while undersampling rural populations, the uneducated, Jews and Catholics, etc; interviewed a pedophile without reporting him, the prison data was upsetting, and his data was mechanical- and behavior-driven without the context of a relationship

· Scholars are a community and therefore can possess obscene materials