Study Guide for Test 5

1. used as fuel for the generation of ATP or as building materials for cellular repair, maintenance and growth
2. a series of enzymes that convert a substrate in a step-wise fashion, passing each subsequent product to the next enzyme in the pathway
3. glycolysis occurs in the cytosol, TCA cycle occurs in the mitochondria
4. glucose (6-C) sugar is spilt into 2 3-C pyruvic acids; a tiny bit of ATP is produced
5. pyruvate is sent to the mitochondria where it is stripped of its carbons one by one; as the carbons are liberated, they bond with oxygen to make CO2; this CO2 diffuses out of the mitochondria and will eventually be breathed out
6. yes; everything is reversible based on what is available and what we need; see diagram #1
7. when Cs are stripped, the electron bonds that were holding them exert a lot of energy and are transported to the electron transport chain (a series of proteins and organic molecules in the mitochondrial membrane that pass electrons along); the final electron acceptor is oxygen, where water is produced; as it passes an electron along, the electron transport chain moves protons (H+) into the mitochondrial membrane where protons accumulate; this accumulation of protons would be likely to diffuse across the membrane again because of a gradient; see diagram #2
8. What is it about Balrogs and their incredible powers?