1. the hydrogen ions that diffuse through hydrogen ion channels back into the matrix yield a kinetic energy that is sued to attach a phosphate group to an ADP à making ATP

2. blood volume regulation (blood pressure), ion concentration, pH of blood, conserving nutrients, eliminating wastes

3. per day: urination (1200 ml), skin (750 ml), breathing (400 ml), feces (150 ml)

4. filtration: take everything out of the blood (forming a filtrate), selective reabsorption: put all the good stuff back, secretion: secrete, if necessary, extra wastes

5. this is what the nephron is made of – living cells forming a blind-ended tube that faces the environment

6. five main parts are the renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct; nephrons exist in the renal cortex but extend into the medulla

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7. blood pressure in the capillaries of the glomerulus squeeze out all the small materials in the blood as well as a lot of fluid; only 10% of the blood is carried out to make filtrate – the filtrate may contain ions, water, and nutrients as well as wastes, toxins, and drugs

8. see above

9. this is where selective reabsorption occurs; there are specific transporters for glucose, amino acids, and other nutrients as well as Na, Ca, K, Mg, etc. to reabsorbed and sent into the interstitial fluid; therefore, [solute] is greater outside the cell, water moves out by osmosis, and volume of tubular fluid decreases